Book Chapters 2020–

Private equity buyouts have sparked debates among labor unions and worker representatives on how they affect workers. This chapter provides an overview of academic evidence on how private equity buyou…

This study critically examines the European Union’s and the United Kingdom’s plans for achieving a fossil-free energy system by 2050, centered on massive electrification and large-scale deployment of…

This study critically examines HYBRIT (Hydrogen Breakthrough Ironmaking Technology), a Swedish flagship project—led by the government-owned iron ore company LKAB—to produce fossil-free sponge iron usi…

In the introductory chapter of the book, the authors discuss the implications for the European Union (EU) of the transformation of the international system and the return of geopolitics. Since the mid…

In the final chapter of the book, the authors draw together the different strands of measures taken by the European Union (EU) in response to the evolving geopolitical world order and reflect on wheth…

This chapter critically examines the European Union’s (EU) turn towards large-scale green industrial policies. It highlights the risks inherent in government-directed resource allocation, including in…

Green Deals have been introduced across Western economies as large-scale, mission-oriented innovation policies (MOIPs) intended to combine economic growth with environmental sustainability. Rooted in…

This essay examines the rise of “Green Deals” as large-scale state-sponsored active industrial policies to accelerate a transition toward climate neutrality. Building on the concept of mission-oriente…

Consumers today face an extensive and easily accessible array of products and services. At the same time, firms are increasingly pursuing economies of scope by broadening their offerings rather than s…

The looks of political candidates can influence voter behavior, often serving as a shortcut for those lacking detailed information. Attractive candidates are often viewed as more competent and may gai…

To unleash entrepreneurship and innovation in welfare service provision, many countries have established quasi-markets. We argue that Austrian scholars should bring their analytical focus to such mark…

The paper is about how minting authorities in the Middle Ages could increase seigniorage by undertaking relatively fast debasements (decreasing the silver content) of the coinage. The paper analyses w…

Abstract In a proportional coinage system with several denominations, there is a risk of shortage of small change. The main reason is the higher production costs of small coins. This was a major probl…

An analysis of 35 empirical studies reveals mixed effects of populist politics on intolerance toward sminorities. While 24 studies show increased hostility, rigorous causal designs yield equivocal res…

In this chapter, the authors explore how Russia’s large-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022 has acted as a trigger for a future EU enlargement and how the Union and its member states have taken an inevi…

The UK’s relationship with Europe has long been a contentious issue. This chapter explores the UK's decision to remain outside early European integration in the 1950s, its shift towards seeking member…

In the final chapter, the authors discuss the forthcoming enlargement of the European Union (EU), focusing on both its depth and size. It is argued that while previous enlargements also had a geopolit…

This chapter discusses the underlying economic analysis of the Directive regarding the effects of increased minimum wages on employment and incomes for low-paid workers and the European Commission’s p…

This chapter introduces the research presented in the volume. It starts by highlighting the importance of an individual-level perspective to understand how long-term economic and societal changes conn…

This chapter examines the evolution of social class segregation in the city of Landskrona during the twentieth century. The city’s population was initially spatially mixed with regards to social class…

This chapter explores the relationship between long-term exposure to neighborhood income inequality and adult mortality in Landskrona during a period of declining economic disparities. Using geocoded…

This chapter presents and discusses the main findings and conclusions of the volume and puts them into a broader perspective. Taken together, the different chapters contribute to closing the gap betwe…

The chapter acknowledges the changed geopolitical map and the new adjacent political mindset and examines the current state of the relationship between MNEs and governments/central banks. The focus is…

The EU and many countries have committed to be climate-neutral by 2050. Combined with the Paris Agreement, this means there is strong presure to transition to climate-neutral technoligies. This pressu…

In the first chapter, the authors review the evolution of borders throughout European history. The modern concept of borders as dividing lines is a fairly recent phenomenon and constitutes somewhat of…

As the European Union (EU) grapples with increased external and internal trade barriers, it stands at a crossroads. This paper examines the EU's changing perspective on globalization, reflecting a shi…

In the last chapter, the authors take stock of the challenges which are besetting the European Union’s (EU) internal and external borders from the perspective of contemporary events and crises, and ev…

This chapter is the introduction to the Handbook of Research on Economic Freedom, an overview of research on the causes and consequences of the market economy. The chapter places current research in a…

The increase in support for populist politicians has led to an intensive search for explanations. A free market economy that creates winners and losers due to rapid economic transformation has been su…

This chapter surveys the literature on the association between economic freedom and de facto respect of human rights. Noting that a plethora of theoretical channels might connect the two, empirical ev…

The notion that society should be organized around large so-called missions has gained momentum in public debate, and the reemergence of active industrial policy across the world has been inspired by…

This chapter integrates findings from several different case studies on mission-oriented innovation policies (MOIPs) and makes use of the existing literature to briefly describe three other missions:…

Governments can provide targeted R&D subsidies and/or tax incentives to spur innovation and growth in the business sector. This chapter analyzes the theoretical pros and cons of these policy instr…

Mission-oriented innovation policies are becoming increasingly popular among policymakers and scholars. We maintain that these policies are based on an overly mechanistic view of innovation and econom…

No matter whether one belives climate change is a major threat to humanity or a minor bump on the road to global prosperity, most Western governments have set clear goals for how much they aim to redu…

We review the most common methods that have been used to detect discrimination, and their pros and cons. One approach is to compare outcomes of workers from different groups using observational data.…

Field experiments has been conducted in several countries and the results points in the same direction: Ethnic and racial minorities are discriminated against in the hiring decision. We review results…

The sixth volume in the Interdisciplinary European Studies assesses the changes that are taking place in the EU’s policies, institutions, and political structures. On the eve of a new chapter of Europ…

In the concluding chapter, the editors take stock of the state of integration seventy years after the EU’s inception. In the early 2020s, the EU faces once again the fateful question of whether integr…

This book is the third volume in the research project coordinated by Sveriges Riksbank, Historical Monetary and Financial Statistics for Sweden. The first volume, published in 2010, dealt with exchang…

Bonds play a major role in government and corporate finance and have done so for several centuries. The bond market consists of two parts. In the primary bond market, states, local governments and pri…

This chapter presents the evolution of national wealth in Sweden from 1810 to 2020. The historical period spans agricultural and industrial eras as well as the postwar emergence of a globalized servic…

Previous research suggests that high-trust societies tend to write short constitutions. We document that this pattern is not specific to the entire constitution, but is equally reflected in the emerge…

William J. Baumol was one of the most prolific economists of his generation, analyzing a broad range of central economic issues addressing real problems of the world. In this essay, we present and cri…

This chapter introduces the theme of the book—resilience in the EU. It presents definitions for these concepts and explores what the challenges of societal resilience entail for the EU. It is argued t…

In the wake of the Covid-19 crisis, the European Union must regain lost ground and create more favorable conditions for inclusive and sustainable economic growth. The best way to achieve this goal is…

The concluding chapter reviews the EU’s handling of current crises and its search for sustainability and resilience. Beginning with its response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing public health…

Among contemporary economists, Mariana Mazzucato stands out for her emphasis on the importance of innovation to solving pressing challenges and achieve a greater quality of life. However, the type of…

This chapter comprises three main parts. The first part is about data sources, the definitions of income, and the methodologies used to estimate top income shares. Both the standard sources and method…

Based on historical analogies, we emphasize a connection between financial crises and technological shifts that calls for a structural economic transformation. Political pressures related to this stru…

This chapter reflects on the role of wage policies in facilitating the labour market integration of immigrants. The overall analysis in this chapter suggests that minimum wage cuts, combined with othe…

A common coinage policy in the Middle Ages was ‘periodic recoinage’. Old coins were declared invalid and had to be exchanged for new ones at specified exchange rates and dates. This convention was a t…

In this essay, we discuss the requirements of a successful management of a company's exposure to foreign exchange risks. We argue that the company's performance is affected by foreign exchange risks a…

This chapter describes economic insights from research having studied the ongoing information and communications technology (ICT)-based structural transformation of the business sector. It also descri…

This chapter analyses in what way digitalisation changes the conditions for taxation. In the 2020s, firms create value less using machines and more using intangibles, such as copyrights, R&D and s…

This introductory chapter sheds light on the opportunities and challenges that the digital era has in store for the European Union (EU) at a time when its fundamental values are being called into ques…

In this chapter, we offer an exploatory empirical analysis that captures the general location and colocation patterns for restaurants using Swedish geo-coded data for the year 2015, which allows us to…

With this book, we aim at contributing to the existing efforts to bridge these two extensively realated strands of literature where we compiled several individual contributions that present how touris…

Economic growth in Timor-Leste (formerly East Timor) has displayed dramatic volatility since the country´s independence in 2002. The first few years were characterized by negative or extremely low gro…

The financial system channels resources from savers to investors. It helps firms to fund new investments and households to smooth consumption over time. It allows entrepreneurs to offload risk on outs…

This chapter discusses the European Union’s refugee policy. It shows that the common treaties leave considerable discretion to the individual member countries, which allows them to regulate refugee mi…

Since Paul Samuelson introduced the theory of revealed preference, it has become one of the most important concepts in economics. This chapter surveys some recent contributions in the revealed prefere…

In this chapter, the editors introduce and motivate the approach in this volume. Although this volume brings together contributions from different authors, the chapters all flow directly from the work…

In this chapter, we outline a reform strategy to promote an entrepreneurial society in Italy. From a Varieties-of-Capitalism perspective, Italy has been classified as a Mixed or Mediterranean Market E…

In this chapter, we outline a reform strategy to promote a more entrepreneurial society in Germany. Germany has developed a successful model of capitalism in which high productivity growth is driven b…

In this chapter we outline a reform strategy to promote an entrepreneurial society in the UK. To put it in the words of the Varieties of Capitalism framework, the UK today represents a distinct libera…

In this chapter, the editors conclude this volume and draw the most important lessons that can be drawn from the FIRES project. The editors highlight theoretical lessons, methodological innovations, a…

The degree to which people are satisfied with their lives is affected by many factors. This chapter surveys studies that document the influence of one such factor – formal institutions (i.e., written…

This Chapter examines how the market economy affects cultural traits, in particular trust, tolerance, and antisemitism. The results indicate economic freedom generates social trust and tolerance. The…

This introductory chapter sheds new light on the increasingly complex relationship between the European Union and the nation-state—in its capacity as EU member state—at a time when its fundamental val…

The world’s first multinational electricity market was formed with the creation of the Nordic power exchange, Nord Pool. We analyze the incentives to undertake transmission network investment in the c…