In Pursuit of the Green Transition—Electricity at Any Cost?

This study critically examines the European Union’s and the United Kingdom’s plans for achieving a fossil-free energy system by 2050, centered on massive electrification and large-scale deployment of wind and solar power. Using empirical trends, cost analyses, and system-function assessments, the authors argue that current strategies underestimate real economic, technical, and social challenges. Three scenarios for meeting 2050 electricity demand are compared: full reliance on renewables; a 50/50 split between wind-solar and nuclear; and predominantly nuclear with limited renewables. Evidence from cross-country data shows that higher shares of weather-dependent generation strongly correlate with higher electricity prices, greater volatility, and increased system integration costs. High renewable shares require extensive backup, storage, and grid reinforcement, raising complexity and environmental impacts.